I. TÓM TẮT LÝ THUYẾT
1. Nội dung
Function: Talk about positive changes and how to achieve them; Talk about improving the environment in your town
Grammar: The First Conditional; The Second Conditional
Pronunciation: Intonation – Conditional sentences; Sound changes – “…would…”
Skills:
- Conversation Skill: Responding to ideas
- Writing Skill: Writing problem and solution essays
II. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
Lesson 1
New words
a. Complete the words with the vowels (a, e, i, o, u, y)
1. d a m a g e
2. r _ _ s _
3. r _ c _ c l _
4. r _ d _ _ _
5. p _ l l _ t _
6. b _ n
7. p r _ t _ c t
b. Fill in the blanks using the words in Task a.
1. We really need to do more to ____________ the environment.
2. A lot of towns and cities ____________ plastic bags to help the environment. People don’t mind using their own bags when they go shopping.
3. Schools can do a lot to ____________ the amount of electricity they use.
4. Coal power plants ____________ the air more than many other kinds of power plant.
5. I think we can ____________ more at school if we have the right kinds of bins.
6. When there’s too much pollution, it can ____________ people’s health.
7. I think it’s a good idea to ____________ things like plastic bottles. I fill up my bottle at home every morning.
Listening
a. Bill is talking to Megan about his biology project. Listen and tick the pictures you hear.
b. Now, listen and circle.
1. Bill’s first idea is to …
a. ban plastic bags
b. ban plastic bottles
c. use paper bags
2. Bill’s say there will be less pollution in …
a. oceans
b. parks
c. rivers
3. Bill’s second idea is to …
a. recycle more
b. reuse more
c. reduce more
4. Bill says you can donate …
a. clothes and shoes
b. books and shoes
c. clothes and books
5. Bill says you can reuse …
a. bottles and cans
b. bags and bottles
c. cans and books
Grammar
a. Underline the mistakes in the sentences. Write the correct words on the lines.
1. What will have happened if people don’t stop littering?
2. If we recycles cans, we will be able to get money for our school.
3. There will be fewer sick people if we are reducing air pollution.
4. We will all been happier if the environment is cleaner.
5. If we were turning off the lights, we can spend less money on electricity.
6. If we all will start recycling cans, will it help the environment?
b. Write First Conditional sentences.
1. We don’t recycle more plastic. The environment isn’t better.
2. Many students don’t bring their own water bottles. We won’t reduce plastic pollution.
3. People don’t reuse plastic bags. There are many plastic bags in rivers and oceans.
4. There’s lots of plastic trash in our school. Many students use single-use plastic.
5. Many students don’t turn off the lights when they leave. We use lots of electricity.
6. There aren’t many trees in our school. It feels very hot in the summer.
Writing
Look at the table. Write three more ideas for things that your school can do to protect the environment, then write a paragraph saying what your school do. Write about at least two ideas.
Lesson 2
New words
a. Unscramble the words.
| 1. tomcosp | compost |
| 2. llfadni | |
| 3. tiksolevc | |
| 4. ardnsoteoefti | |
| 5. oltnsuoi |
b. Fill in the blanks using the words in Task a.
1. A great way to reduce waste is to ___________ your food waste and use it for your garden.
2. ___________ is a serious problem in Brazil. The Amazon rainforest has lost more than 13% of its original size.
3. We need to find a ___________ to solve air pollution in our city.
4. We don’t need another ___________ for our city’s trash because it will smell.
5. ___________ production provides food for many people, but it uses a lot of the Earth’s resources.
Reading
a. Read the article quickly and choose what’s discussed in the article.
1. The benefits of replacing plastic with other materials
2. The problems we might have when trying to ban plastic
Would Banning Plastic Help the Environment?
First, let’s talk about why we might want to ban plastic. Most plastic products will remain on Earth for hundreds of years, and we produce about 380 million tons of plastic every year. Only 9% is recycled, and the rest ends up in landfills, and oceans.*
Plastic pollution is one of our most serious problems, and many countries are thinking about banning plastic, especially single-use packaging. However, it would be impossible to ban plastic completely. The truth is plastic is everywhere. Without plastic, you would need to buy water, milk, etc. in glass bottles or cartons. Your meat and fish would be wrapped in paper or leaves. Lots of food wouldn’t remain fresh for as long as when they’re wrapped in plastic, and we might waste more food. And while glass and paper can be recycled many times, we need lots of energy to produce them.
What about plastic that can be composted? If they can be composted, they should be better for the environment, right? Not really. This type of plastic can only be composted in industrial conditions. You can’t do it in your backyard!
So, the answer is, if we just replaced plastic with other materials and never reused them, it wouldn’t be much better for the environment. The best solution is to reuse everything as many times as possible and reduce our dependence on plastic.
*according to Plastic Oceans
b. Now, read the article again and answer the questions below.
1. How much plastic is produced each year?
2. What problem would we have if we stopped using plastic to wrap food?
3. What’s a disadvantage of using glass or paper compared to plastic?
4. Can compostable plastic be composted at home?
5. What’s the best way to help solve plastic pollution?
Grammar
a. Read the sentences. Circle the correct words.
1. What would / have you do if you were a billionaire?
2. We will / would have cleaner air if we lived in forest apartments.
3. If we reuse / reused more paper at school, we can save lots of money and help the environment.
4. If we had / have recycling machines at home, we would reduce our plastic waste.
5. Some people think you will reduce your impacts on the environment if you eat / ate less meat.
6. We won’t / wouldn’t help the environment much if we don’t reuse and recycle more.
b. Write First or Second Conditional sentences.
1. We want to ban plastic, but it’s impossible. Banning plastic will reduce pollution.
2. There are no recycling bins, so we can’t recycle plastic now. We are going to put some around the school.
3. Livestock farming is the main cause of deforestation, but we can’t stop raising livestock.
4. I’m not a scientist. I want to make a machine that can turn plastic to energy.
5. We have many landfills. A lot of the trash can be recycled.
6. People litter and don’t reuse or recycle plastic enough. That makes the ocean polluted.
Writing
Answer the questions in full sentences. Give reasons for your answers.
1. What do you think would happen if we had pills to keep us healthy and we didn’t need food?
2. What would you do to protect the environment if you were a billionaire?
3. What would life be like if we couldn’t live on Earth because of pollution?
4. What do you think would happen if your country banned cars in cities?
Lesson 3
Listening
a. Listen to a presentation about global warming. What is discussed in the presentation?
1. The effects of global warming
2. The solution to global warming
b. Now, listen and write True or False.
1. Sea levels have increased by two millimeters per year.
2. Global warming has caused floods in coastal areas.
3. The number of polar bears has increased in recent years.
4. Many animals have been killed by fire in Australia.
5. Global warming is a serious environment problem now.
Reading
a. Read Paul’s essay and answer the questions.
A. Water pollution is a serious environmental problem because it affects not only human lives but also the natural habitats of animals and plants.
B. Water pollution includes the pollution in lakes, rivers, oceans, or underground water. Pollutants from households, factories, and farms are the three main causes for water pollution. This is because these places are usually located quite near the water sources. Wastewater from homes runs into lakes or rivers. The polluted water in lakes affects the underground water which turns into drinking water later. Wastewater from industry and farming also harms the environment if their wastewater treatment system is not sufficient. Water from lakes and rivers carry the pollutants to oceans, and this kills sea animals and plants.
C. One effective solution to deal with this issue is to reduce the amount of waste in water. People should not pour fat or oil from cooking directly into the sink. They should have a jar or a bottle to collect this waste. We should also only use washing machines or dishwashers when they are full to save water and cleaning liquid. The government can help by checking and evaluating the wastewater treatment system of factories and farms. Waste and chemicals should be removed before water runs into the environment and causes damage.
D. In conclusion, water pollution is harmful to the health of people as well as the natural environment. In order to solve this issue, action should be taken by both people and the government.
1. In which paragraph did Paul mention the water pollution effect?
2. Did he give any suggestions to solve pollution?
b. Read and answer the questions.
1. What does water pollution affect?
2. What kinds of water sources are polluted?
3. What does polluted lake water affect?
4. What should people do with used cooking oil?
5. What can the government do to help the environment?
Writing Skill
Match the problems with the solutions.
1. Greenhouse gases are increasing.
2. Oceans are polluted by plastic.
3. Transportation produces pollution.
4. Industrial zones release wastewater into rivers.
a. Encourage people to use public transportation.
b. Check factories’ wastewater treatment systems.
c. Ban single – use plastic.
d. Plant more trees to make the air fresher.
Planning
Choose one problem and think of a solution to solve it. Complete the notes below.
1. What is the problem?
2. What are its effects?
3. What is the solution?
4. How can it solve the problem.
Writing
Now, use your notes to write a problem – solution essay about an environmental problem in your country. Write 120 to 150 words.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Review Unit 8
Listening
You will hear a talk by a scientist. For each question, choose the correct answer (A, B, or C). You will hear the talk twice. For each question, choose the correct answer.
1. what do people bring to the beach?
A. plastic bottles and bags
B. newspaper and plastic bags
C. food and plastic bottles
2. What is the quickest way to reduce plastic pollution?
A. more recycling bins
B. more trash bins
C. stop using singe – use plastic
3. What is the biggest cause of air pollution in cities?
A. factories
B. traffic
C. construction sites
4. What is the biggest cause of water pollution?
A. factories
B. farms
C. people
5. What should we make people do if they throw trash in the river?
A. pick up their trash
B. put their trash in the bin
C. pay a lot of money
Reading
For each question, choose the correct answer.
How to help improve local environment
There are many things people can do to improve their local environment. Families should make sure that glass, paper, and other recyclables are put into the right bins for recycling. If your neighborhood doesn’t have a recycling program, ask your mayor to start one. It’d be easier for everyone to recycle their trash if there were drop-off locations near their house or if they could leave their trash outside for pickup.
Stores can also help solve environmental problems. They should stop giving single-use plastic bags to their customers and sell reusable bags. If people had to buy reusable bags, they would start to bring their own bags. Stores should also use less packaging for food items. Lots of fruit and vegetables don’t need to be wrapped in plastic.
Schools and businesses should try to use less electricity because electrical power plants can cause a lot of pollution. Use fans and open windows when you can to save electricity. Or try to set the air conditioner temperature to around 24-27 degrees Celsius and not too low like 18 degrees. Everyone will still feel comfortable, and the air conditioners won’t use as much electricity. Schools should stop selling plastic bottles in their cafeterias and ask students to bring reusable bottles. Teachers can organize clean-ups around the school or in parks. Students should bring reusable water bottles to school and try to use less paper.
1. Families should …
A. start recycling programs in their neighborhoods.
B. recycle their household trash.
C. leave their glass and paper outside for recycling.
2. How can stores help make the environment better?
A. ask their customers to bring their own bags
B. make their customers pay for plastic bags
C. reduce food packaging
3. What can schools and businesses do to save electricity?
A. use air conditioners at a higher temperature
B. open windows and only use fans
C. use air conditioners at between 18 and 27 degrees
4. What should schools do to help the environment?
A. give lessons about the local environment
B. encourage students to use their own bottles
C. ask teachers and students to clean up parks
5. What would be the best conclusion for this article?
A. Environmental issues are one of the biggest problems we face today.
B. Recycling is the best way to improve things.
C. If we all do our best to improve things, the local environment will be cleaner and less polluted.
