I.       TÓM TẮT LÝ THUYẾT

Vocabulary: Feelings and emotions; Adjectives and Nouns; Annoyance, annoyed, annoying, etc. Key phrases: Talking about your feelings

Reading: An investigation Vocabulary plus: Compound adjectives

Language Focus: Possibility and certainty

Vocabulary and Listening: Music, mood and health: calm down, turn off, work out, etc.

II.   BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG

VOCABULARY: Feelings and emotions

Read the Emotions test and match the adjectives in blue with nouns 1 – 12

The emotions test

This is a photo of a woman who is afraid.

The emotion on her face is fear. When psychologists showed a picture like this to a group of adults and a group of teenagers, 100% of the adults correctly identified the emotion. However, only 50% of teenagers recognized that the emotion was fear. Some thought that it was surprise, others thought that it was anger. The results of many studies seem to show that in our teenage years we are not always good at recognizing emotions.

Do the Emotions test. Then check your answers with the key. How many did you get right?

Choose the correct words to complete the questions. Then watch or listen. Which questions do the people discuss?

1. When did you last feel embarrassed / embarrassing?

2. What kind of situations are stressed / stressful for you?

3. What activities do you find most relaxed / relaxing?

4. What are you frightened / frightening of?

5. What is your most annoyed / annoying habit?

Study the Key Phrases. Then watch or listen again. What answers are given to the questions in exercise 3?

KEY PHRASES

Talking about your feelings

I get quite / so … when …

I’m not that bothered by …

There’s nothing … about …

It makes me feel really … when …

What I find most … is …

Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in exercise 3. Use the key phrases.

Take the test. Match photos A – H with descriptions 1 – 8.

1. OK. It’s great that I won a prize for my project, but now everybody’s looking at me. Is that embarrassing or what?

2. I’ve got a friend who lets her pet dog lick her face sometimes. Yuck! I think it’s disgusting.

3. It’s stressful when my son is out late and doesn’t call. At least he could send me a message or something. He’s probably OK, but I’m still worried.

4. I hate it when I’m cycling and motorists drive too near me. Once I got really annoyed at a bad driver and I shouted at him at some traffic lights. I was SO angry.

5. When you find out that you’ve got a new baby cousin and you see how tiny he is, it’s very surprising. He’s so cute!

6. I’m not afraid of many things, but there’s something about wasps … I just find them really frightening. I think I had a bad experience with them when I was young.

7. Watching this video about the history of Alaska is the most boring thing I’ve done in my life! And does anyone feel sympathetic for me? NO!

8. Yay!!! I’ve passed my driving test, at last! This is so exciting! And my instructor is going to be so pleased. These last two years of lessons haven’t exactly been relaxing for him!

READING: An investigation

Scan the blog. Choose from a – c.

If you’ve read my blog before, you already know that I’m an animal lover. My two dogs are the best four-legged friends in the world, and I’ve also adopted a long-haired, one-eyed cat with an attitude; she seems to know exactly what I’m thinking. So, this month I wanted to ask a question:

Can animals think and feel like we do?

In the 16th century, the philosopher Rene Descartes said that animals were like mechanical robots which didn’t feel pain or have thoughts and feelings. Since then, opinions have changed, as scientists have spent a lot of time researching animals. Here are a few of the surprising things which they’ve observed:

• When an elephant dies, the other elephants in the group cover its body and stand next to it. They stay near the dead animal for days and seem broken-hearted. Members of the group will visit the place months and sometimes years later. It seems like they could be expressing their sadness. They might, perhaps, have emotions.
• Whales act like they’re happily in love. They embrace and play together. Some, like orcas, have one partner for life.
• Studies show that chimpanzees are sympathetic to each other. One chimpanzee will hug another chimpanzee if it is hurt.
• It’s not only big-brained mammals which show sympathy. Crows, like elephants, stand in a group when one dies, and bring grass to cover the body. Scientists have also noted that mice appear worried when another mouse is in pain.
• Animals in a group certainly have different personalities; some are confident; some are shy; some are relaxed; others are more aggressive and assertive.

So, what about Descartes? To me, it’s pretty obvious that he was wrong. The evidence suggests that animals must feel something; they can’t simply be like robots. Researchers are using brain scans to discover more about animal behavior, so we may know more about their emotions in the future. For now, we should be open-minded and considerate towards animals. They might be thinking more than we realize.

a. It’s by a philosopher who is talking about the history of philosophy

b. It’s by a person who is interested in the subject because she likes animals.

c. It’s by a scientist who is talking about her work and advertising a book.

Read and listen to the text. Write true or false and correct the false sentences.

1. The author gets on well with her pets _______

2. Studies today show that animals don’t have thoughts or feelings _______

3. Dolphins sometimes protect humans from sharks _______

4. Chimpanzees show sympathy _______

5. Small-brained animals don’t show sympathy _______

6. In the future, we’ll know more about animals’ emotions _______

Read the text again and answer the questions.

1. How do people know more about animal behavior these days?

2. For how long do elephants visit their dead?

3. Which animals in the blog are big-brained mammals?

4. Why does the author think that Descartes was wrong?

Scan the blog and complete the two-part adjectives in 1 – 6. How do all of the adjective end?

1. four-                      

2. long-                    

3. one-        

4. broken-  

5. big-     

6. open-       

Complete the adjectives in 1 – 6. Use the – ed form of the words in the box.

1. Crocodiles are cold – _________ creatures.

2. That blonde – _________ girl is my sister.

3. It’s difficult for me to use that pen because I’m left – _________.

4. You’re such an excellent class. You’re all very well – _________.

5. I’m tall and blue – _________ like my father.

6. I can’t stay in the sun for long because I’m very pale – _________.

Work in groups. Ask and answer the questions.

1. Do you agree with the conclusion of the blog?

2. Have you heard of any other cases of animal intelligence or emotions?

Read examples 1 – 5. What do the modal verbs in blue mean? Write possibly, definitely or definitely not.

1. They could be expressing sadness

2. The evidence suggests that animals must feel something.

3. They can’t simply be like robots

4. We may know more in the future

5. They might, perhaps, have emotions

Choose the correct options to complete the rules.

RULES

1. We use may, might and could express possibility /certainty.

2. We use must and can’t when we are certain / not certain about things.

3. The modal verbs in exercise 1 change / don’t change in the he, she and it forms.

4. We always / never use to after modal verbs.

Complete the sentences with appropriate modal verbs.

1. She’s smiling, so she _____________ be unhappy.

2 I’m not sure, but they _____________  live in Hue.

3. You’re going to Canada? You _____________ excited!

4. Orcas are rare here, but you _____________ see one it you’re lucky.

5. It _____________ be frightening to see a shark when you’re swimming.

6. England aren’t a great football team. They do not win _____________ the match tomorrow.

Work in pairs. Exchange opinions about ideas 1 – 6 using words from the box and the modal verbs

Write five sentences about the animal emotions using modal verbs.

VOCABULARY AND LISTENING: Music, mood and health

Read the blog and match six of the words in blue with definitions 1 – 6.

The surprising stuff blog

Music, mood and health

When we turn on the radio and hear a good song, we cheer up, but scientific studies have shown that music affects our brains and bodies in many more ways.

If you turn up the volume and sing along to your favorite songs, it’s good for your heart and health. But if other people can hear the music from your headphones, you should turn down the volume – it could cause you hearing problems.

If you listen to fast music while you work out, it can improve your fitness and help you to speed up your running. But you mustn’t listen to music when you’re cycling because it could distract you and cause an accident.

Listening to music can help you to concentrate on your homework. But it’s better without lyrics, so turn off the rap and start playing something more melodic.

Music therapy reduces anxiety and helps people to calm down. Relaxing music slows down your heart and breathing. It can also help reduce pain.

Learning to play an instrument can increase your IQ, because you have to use both sides of your brain.

1. Go faster

2. make louder

3. become happier

4. make more

5. become more relaxed

6. prevent concentration

Listen to situations 1 – 4, and for each one choose a word from box A and a word from box B to identify the speakers’ mood and purpose.

Listen again and choose the correct answers.

LANGUAGE FOCUS: Ability, advice and obligation

Study the examples and choose the correct options to complete the rules.

You can’t turn down drums.

I couldn’t hear you.

One day you’ll be able to play the whole song.

RULES

1. We use can / could to express an ability in the past.

2. We use can / could to express an ability in the present.

3. We use be able to / could to express an ability in the future.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of can, could or be able to.

1. Why don’t you turn up the music. Then we’ll all _________ singalong.

2. I’m going to have singing lessons. Then I might _________ join a band.

3. We _________ turn on the TV because it was broken.

4. I really _________ exercise at the moment. I’m too tired.

5. _________ you speak English when you were three?

Make sentences using phrases from the boxes.

Read examples 1 – 6. Write A (advice), O / P (obligation or prohibition) or N / O (no obligation).

1. You must be careful.

2. You mustn’t listen to music when you’re cycling

3. You have to concentrate if you’re on the road.

4. You don’t have to practice all day every day.

5. You should look where you’re going.

6. You could have a break sometimes

Listen. Which letters are silent? Listen again and repeat.

1. It could distract him.

2. We mustn’t copy in exams.

3. I couldn’t finish my project.

4. They should help us.

Choose the correct options.

1. You mustn’t / shouldn’t wake her up. She looks so peaceful.

2. You don’t have to I mustn’t help, but you can if you’ve got time.

3. You must / should turn off all music after midnight. That’s the law.

4. I mustn’t / don’t have to eat chocolate. I’m allergic to it.

5. You have to / don’t have to be in bed to feel relaxed.

6. We shouldn’t / don’t have to distract her. She’s concentrating.

Work in pairs. Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

For the world to be a peaceful place, …

1. we should …

2. we shouldn’t …

3. we must …

4. we mustn’t …

5. we don’t have to …

To be in a good mood every day, …

6. you should …

7. you shouldn’t …

8. you have to …

9. you don’t have to …

SPEAKING: Talking about feelings

Read and listen to the dialogue. How is Brad feeling? Why?

Josie: What’s up, Brad? You look a bit sad.

Brad: I didn’t get into the swimming team. Not even the reserves.

Josie: Oh no! I’m surprised to hear that. You must feel really fed up.

Brad: Yes, I do.

Josie: I can imagine. Cheer up – we know that you’re a good swimmer. You           mustn’t get too down about it.

Brad: I can’t help it. It’s really disappointing.

Josie: Hey, look on the bright side. Now you don’t have to get up early for           training every day!

Brad: Yeah, but I really enjoyed all that.

Josie: Don’t worry. It’s not the end of the world. I’m sure you’ll get another           chance. You just have to keep improving.

Brad: I suppose I could try again in the autumn. There are more trials then, and I can practice all summer.

Josie: Exactly. It may even be better then. It’s a busy time now anyway, with all      the exams and stuff.

Brad: Hey, you’re right. It might not be so bad after all. Thanks, Josie.

Read the Key Phrases. Then listen again and practice the dialogue. Try to use a sympathetic tone of voice.

KEY PHRASES

Expressing sympathy and support

I’m (really) sorry / surprised / amazed to hear that.

You must feel …

I can imagine.

Cheer up. / Calm down.

Look on the bright side.

Don’t worry.

It’s not the end of the world

You just have to …

Watch or listen to another dialogue. Answer the questions with a partner.

1. What’s Jan’s problem?

2. What does Ned say about London?

3. Howdens Jan feel at the end?

Read tasks A and B. Which situation did you watch or hear in exercise 3?

Task A: Your friend thinks that he / she might have to move to a different town or city. Give sympathy and support

Task B: Your friend has failed his / her math exam. Give sympathy and support

Work in pairs. Act out situation A or B.

WRITING: A post on an advice forum

Read the forum post. What advice does Kim give to Linh? What do you think of the advice?

Friends’ forum

I’ve just started at a new school and there’s a group of people I hang out with. We have a laugh together, but it bothers me when they say that only “sad” people study a lot. Last week they teased me when I got good marks in a history test. I’m not sure if I like that.

Linh

Hey, Linh,

OK, well this is a slightly annoying situation, isn’t it? But quite common, IMO. Let’s think. What could you do? For a start you should probably ask these people why it’s sad’ to do well. They might be having problems with some of the work. Hey, you could even offer to help them. What do you reckon?

What else? Are you meeting a lot of new people at the moment? I bet that there are LOADS of other people that you can be friends with if you want. Just be yourself, ‘cos then I can guarantee that people will respect you. If you like studying, that’s cool. You’re obviously popular and you don’t have to change who you are.

And one more thing. You did the right thing asking for advice. It’s never a bad idea to talk to other people about it Like they say, ‘a problem shared is a problem halved’. Anyway, good luck and I hope that things work out for you. @ Kim

Complete the Key Phrases.

KEY PHRASES

Conversational phrases

Hey.

Let’s _____________

For a _____________

What do you _____________?

_____________ else?

I bet / reckon _____________

And one more _____________

Anyway, _____________

Study points 1 – 4 and find examples in the post.

A text with a conversational tone …

1. includes questions for the reader.

2. uses informal and conversational language.

3. uses question tags.

4. sometimes uses CAPITALS, bold, italic, underlined words or emojis for emphasis.

Follow the steps in the Writing Guide.

A. TASK Choose one of the situations and write a post (100 – 120 words) giving advice to the person with the. problem.

I’ve been receiving annoying texts and I don’t know who they’re from.

Mai

My friend’s probably moving to another town eighty kilometers away soon.

Huy

B.THINK AND PLAN

1. What do you think of the situation?

2. Is this a common problem?

3. Who should the person talk to first?

4. What other advice can you think of?

5. What can you say to support and sympathize with this person?

C. WRITE

Paragraph 1: Talk about the problem and say who to speak to.

Paragraph 2: Give more ideas and advice.

Paragraph 3: End the post and reassure the person.

D. CHECK

modal verbs

conversational tone