UNIT 7: BIG IDEAS

I. LÝ THUYẾT (THEORY)

A. TỪ VỰNG (VOCABULARY)

B. NGỮ PHÁP (GRAMMAR)

Chủ điểm ngữ pháp: Reported Speech (Câu tường thuật)

1. Khái niệm:
   • Câu tường thuật được dùng để thuật lại lời nói hoặc suy nghĩ của người khác mà không trích dẫn nguyên văn.
2. Quy tắc chuyển đổi:
   • Thì của động từ:
     • Hiện tại đơn → Quá khứ đơn
     • Hiện tại tiếp diễn → Quá khứ tiếp diễn
     • Hiện tại hoàn thành → Quá khứ hoàn thành
     • Quá khứ đơn → Quá khứ hoàn thành
     • Will → Would
     • Can → Could
     • May → Might
     • Must → Had to
   • Đại từ và trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn:
     • I → he/she
     • My → his/her
     • Here → there
     • Now → then
     • Today → that day
     • Tomorrow → the next day
     • Yesterday → the day before
3. Cấu trúc:
   • S + said (that) + mệnh đề.
   • S + told + O + (that) + mệnh đề.
   • S + asked + O + if/whether + mệnh đề (đối với câu hỏi Yes/No).
   • S + asked + O + từ để hỏi (wh-) + mệnh đề (đối với câu hỏi có từ để hỏi).
4. Ví dụ:
   • Trực tiếp: She said, “I am tired.”
   • Gián tiếp: She said that she was tired.

II. BÀI TẬP & ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT (EXERCISES & ANSWERS)

Bài 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang câu tường thuật.

1. “I will join the campaign,” he said.
2. “We are collecting signatures,” they said.
3. “I can’t attend the meeting,” she said.
4. “Do you support the petition?” he asked me.
5. “Why did you boycott the event?” she asked.

Đáp án:

1. He said that he would join the campaign.
2. They said that they were collecting signatures.
3. She said that she couldn’t attend the meeting.
4. He asked me if I supported the petition.
5. She asked why I had boycotted the event

Bài 2: Hoàn thành các câu sau bằng cách chuyển sang câu tường thuật.

1. “We may organize a protest,” they said.
2. “I have signed the petition,” he said.
3. “Are you going to volunteer?” she asked me.
4. “I don’t believe in that cause,” John said.
5. “When will the campaign start?” she asked.

Đáp án:

1. They said that they might organize a protest.
2. He said that he had signed the petition.
3. She asked me if I was going to volunteer.
4. John said that he didn’t believe in that cause.
5. She asked when the campaign would start.

Bài 3: Viết đoạn văn ngắn (5–6 câu) sử dụng câu tường thuật về một chiến dịch xã hội mà bạn biết.

Gợi ý mẫu:

Last week, our teacher told us that a new environmental campaign was starting. She said that we could participate by collecting plastic waste. My friend said that he had already joined similar activities before. I asked her when the campaign would begin. She replied that it would start next Monday. We all agreed that it was a great opportunity to help the environment.