UNIT 6: GENDER EQUALITY

I.       TÓM TẮT LÝ THUYẾT

1.        Nội dung

Pronunciation: Stress in three-syllable adjectives and verbs

Vocabulary: Words and phrases related to gender equality

Grammar: Passive voice with modals

Reading: Readingfor specific information in a text about gender equality

II.   BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG

Getting Started

Listen and read

Lan: It’s great to have another week full of activities and trips at the camp.

Mark: Oh, yeah. I like the trip to the kindergarten most. The kids were adorable and the teachers were great. I think I’ll be a kindergarten teacher.

Lan: That’s fantastic. My cousin works at a kindergarten and the children love being in his class. By the way, what do you want to be in the future, Linda?

Linda: Oh, I’ve always wanted to be a surgeon, so I’ll go to medical school. What about you, Lan?

Lan: Me? My dream is to become an airline pilot. That’s why I’m focusing on math and physics, and exercising more to improve my fitness.

Linda: Cool! I hope your dream will come true. In some countries, girls may not be allowed to be pilots.

Lan: That’s true, Linda. We’re lucky to live in a country where boys and girls are encouraged to do the jobs they want.

Mark: I couldn’t agree more. Girls mustn’t be kept home in today’s world. Boys and girls should be treated equally and given the same job opportunities.

Read the conversation again. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

1. Linda would like to be a kindergarten teacher. _______

2. Lan wants to be a teacher of math and physics in the future. _______

3. Mark says that girls mustn’t be kept home in today’s world. _______

Match the words to make meaningful phrases in 1.

Complete the summary below. Use the verb phrase from the conversation in 1.

The students are talking about future jobs. While Mark wants to work as a kindergarten teacher, Linda wants to be a surgeon. Lan dreams to be an airline pilot. Linda says that in some countries girls 1) _______ to be pilots. Mark thinks girls 2) _______ home in today’s world. He says that boys and girls 3) _______ equally and given the same job opportunities.

Từ vựng

1. gender equality /ˈʤɛndər i(ː)ˈkwɒlɪti/ (n.phr): bình đẳng giới
 eg: Women are still not equal to men in today’s society, and governments, organizations and individuals must work together to achieve gender equality.

2. career choices /kəˈrɪə ˈʧɔɪsɪz/ (n.phr): lựa chọn nghề nghiệp
 eg: Differences in career choices might be one reason. Women tend to become nurses, secretaries, or shop assistants, which are low-paying jobs, while men choose high-paying careers as surgeons, airline pilots, or engineers.

3. equal opportunity /ˈiːkwəl ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪti/ (n.phr): cơ hội bình đẳng
 eg: How do you create equal opportunities in the workplace?

4. hike /haɪk/ (v): đi bộ đường dài
 eg: I like hiking on my vacation.

5. adorable /əˈdɔːrəbl/ (adj): đáng yêu
 eg: The kids were adorable and the teachers were great.

6. surgeon /ˈsɜːdʒən/ (n): bác sĩ phẫu thuật
 eg: Oh, I’ve always wanted to be a surgeon, so I’ll go to medical school.

7. airline pilot /ˈeəlaɪn ˈpaɪlət/ (n): phi công hàng không
 eg: My dream is to become an airline pilot.

8. focus on /ˈfəʊkəs ɒn/ (v.phr): tập trung vào
 eg: That’s why I’m focusing on maths and physics, and exercising more to improve my fitness.

9. come true /kʌm truː/ (v.phr): hiện thực
 eg: Cool! I hope your dream will come true.

10. be allowed to do something /biː əˈlaʊd tuː duː ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (v.phr): được phép làm gì
 eg: In some countries, girls may not be allowed to be pilots.

11. be encouraged to do something /biː ɪnˈkʌrɪʤd tuː duː ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (v.phr): được khuyến khích làm gì
 eg: We’re lucky to live in a country where boys and girls are encouraged to do the jobs they want.

12. be kept home /biː kɛpt həʊm/ (v.phr): bị giữ ở nhà
 eg: Girls mustn’t be kept home in today’s world.

13. treat /triːt/ (v): đối xử
 eg: Boys and girls should be treated equally and given the same job opportunities.

14. physics /ˈfɪzɪks/ (n): môn lý
 eg: Lan wants to be a teacher of math and physics in the future.

Language

Pronunciation

a. Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the stressed syllable in each word.

b. Listen and mark the stressed syllables in the words in bold.

1. We’ll celebrate her success with a party.

2. They hope to discover new ways to promote gender equality.

3. The job requires both physical and mental strength.

4. Equal opportunities in education bring important changes in society.

Vocabulary

a. Match the words with their meanings.

b. Complete the following sentences using the words in a.

1. Nowadays male teachers can be seen working at _________.

2. The _________ performed an eight-hour operation on my grandpa yesterday.

3. Some parents may _________ boys differently from girls.

4. Traditional _________ roles influenced how men and women should behave.

5. They should promote _________ income opportunities for men and women.

Grammar

a. Choose the best answer.

1. Some people still think married women shouldn’t allow / shouldn’t be allowed to work.

2. Both men and women can work / can be worked as surgeons.

3. Cooking classes may offer / may be offered to all students.

4. My sister could join / could be joined the air force. She wants to be a fighter pilot.

5. All the food must prepare / must be prepared before the guests arrive.

b. Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice.

1. They may complete the report on gender equality by April.

=> The report _______________________________________.

2. Businesses can create more jobs for girls and women.

=> More jobs _______________________________________.

3. They must provide all girls with access to education.

=> All girls _________________________________________.

4. Governments should improve education in rural areas.

=> Education _______________________________________.

5. They ought to give men and women equal rights.

=> Men and women __________________________________.

Từ vựng

1. celebrate /ˈselɪbreɪt/ (v): ăn mừng
 eg: We’ll celebrate her success with a party.

2. promote /prəˈməʊt/ (v): thúc đẩy
 eg: They hope to discover new ways to promote gender equality.

3. require /rɪˈkwaɪə(r)/ (v): đòi hỏi
 eg: The job requires both physical and mental strength.

4. deal with /diːl wɪð/ (v.phr): giải quyết
 eg: The government must now deal with the problem of high unemployment.

5. rights /raɪts/ (n): quyền
 eg: They ought to give men and women equal rights.

6. operation /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/ (n): ca phẫu thuật
 eg: They performed an eight-hour operation on my grandpa yesterday.

7. influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ (v): ảnh hưởng
 eg: Traditional roles influenced how men and women should behave.

8. income /ˈɪnkʌm/ (n): thu nhập
 eg: They should promote income opportunities for men and women.

9. married women /ˈmærɪd ˈwɪmɪn/ (n.phr): phụ nữ đã có gia đình
 eg: Some people still think married women shouldn’t be allowed to work.

10. be offered to /biː ˈɒfəd tuː/ (v.phr): được cung cấp
 eg: Cooking classes may be offered to all students.

11. join /dʒɔɪn/ (v): tham gia
 eg: My sister could join the air force.

12. fighter pilot /ˈfaɪtə ˈpaɪlət/ (n): phi công chiến đấu
 eg: She wants to be a fighter pilot.

13. guests /gɛsts/ (n): khách
 eg: The food must be prepared before the guests arrive.

14. provide someone with something /prəˈvaɪd ˈsʌmwʌn wɪð ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (v.phr): cung cấp cho ai đó cái gì
 eg: They must provide all girls with access to education.

15. government /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ (n): chính phủ
 eg: Governments should improve education in rural areas.

Reading

Match the sentences with the pictures.

1. Men often earn more than women for doing the same job.

2. A child mother takes care of her small kids.

3. Some women are unable to read or write.

Read the text and circle the correct meanings of the highlighted words and phrases.

Gender equality has been greatly promoted around the world. However, there are still many challenges that women face.

First of all, there are still girls who are forced to get married before the age of 18. In many places, parents may see child marriage as a way to protect daughters from violence. However, many of these young girls become victims of domestic violence. Child marriage also carries serious health risks as young girls are not physically developed to give birth.

Secondly, more than half of the world’s uneducated people are women. This means fewer girls than boys go to school or stay long at school. Girls who receive an education are less likely to marry young. They can also have better job skills and can earn higher salaries. Education gives girls the opportunity to have a better life and give back to their communities.

Thirdly, women are often paid less than men. In other words, women have to work longer than men to earn the same amount of money. Differences in career choices might be one reason. Women tend to become nurses, secretaries, or shop assistants, which are low-paying jobs, while men choose high-paying careers as surgeons, airline pilots, or engineers.

Women are still not equal to men in today’s society, and governments, organizations and individuals must work together to achieve gender equality.

1. be forced

a. be made to do something unwanted

b. be made to do something necessary

2. domestic violence

a. action taken to please someone

b. behavior intended to hurt someone you live with

3. uneducated

a. having little or no formal education at school

b. not having many jobs opportunities

4. low-paying

a. giving money to a person

b. providing very little money

Read the text again and decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).

1. Child marriage involves a girl under the age of 18. _______

2. Fewer men than women around the world are educated. _______

3. Men work much less than women, but earn much more. _______

4. Men’s career choices lead to high-paying jobs. _______

5. Only individuals must work towards gender equality. _______

Work in groups. Discuss possible solutions to one of the following problems.

Từ vựng

1. take care of /teɪk ker ɒv/ (phr.v): chăm sóc
 eg: A child’s mother takes care of her small kids.

2. be unable to /biː ʌnˈeɪbl tuː/ (v.phr): không thể
 eg: Some women are unable to read or write.

3. challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ (v): thách thức
 eg: However, there are still many challenges that women face.

4. be forced to /biː fɔːst tuː/ (v.phr): buộc phải
 eg: First of all, there are still girls who are forced to get married before the age of 18.

5. protect someone from something /prəˈtɛkt ˈsʌmwʌn frɒm ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (v.phr): bảo vệ ai đó khỏi cái gì
 eg: In many places, parents may see child marriage as a way to protect their daughters from violence.

6. domestic violence /dəʊˈmɛstɪk ˈvaɪələns/ (n.phr): bạo lực gia đình
 eg: However, many of these young girls become victims of domestic violence.

7. child marriage /ʧaɪld ˈmærɪʤ/ (n.phr): kết hôn trẻ em
 eg: Child marriage also carries serious health risks as young girls are not physically developed to give birth.

8. give birth /gɪv bɜːθ/ (v.phr): sinh con
 eg: Child marriage also carries serious health risks as young girls are not physically developed to give birth.

9. uneducated /ʌnˈedʒukeɪtɪd/ (adj): thất học
 eg: Secondly, more than half of the world’s uneducated people are women.

10. stay long /steɪ lɒŋ/ (v.phr): ở lại lâu hơn
 eg: This means fewer girls than boys go to school or stay long at school.

11. be less likely to /biː lɛs ˈlaɪkli tuː/ (v.phr): ít có khả năng
 eg: Girls who receive an education are less likely to marry young.

12. higher salary /ˈhaɪə ˈsæləri/ (n.phr): lương cao hơn
 eg: They can also have better job skills and can earn higher salaries.

13. community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ (n): cộng đồng
 eg: Education gives girls the opportunity to have a better life and give back to their communities.

14. earn /ɜːn/ (v): kiếm tiền
 eg: In other words, women have to work longer than men to earn the same amount of money.

15. tend to /tɛnd tuː/ (v.phr): có xu hướng
 eg: Women tend to become nurses, secretaries, or shop assistants, which are low-paying jobs, while men choose high-paying careers as surgeons, airline pilots, or engineers.

16. achieve /əˈtʃiːv/ (v): đạt được
 eg: Women are still not equal to men in today’s society, and governments, organizations and individuals must work together to achieve gender equality.

17. lead to /liːd tuː/ (v.phr): dẫn đến
 eg: Men’s career choices lead to high-paying jobs.

Speaking

Work in pairs. Talk about the uses of these inventions. Use the expressions below to help you.

Useful expressions:

– I think / I believe (that) …

– There are many more male (surgeons) than female (surgeons).

– Men/ Women traditionally work as (firefighters) …

– (Nursing) jobs are done by men / women.

– The (nurse’s) job is traditionally done by men / women.

Work in pairs. Discuss why the jobs mentioned in 1 are traditionally done by men or women. Use the ideas below to help you.

Suggested ideas

– Good physical strength                            

– Ability to work long hours

– Good communication skills                     

– Good persuasion skills

– Ability to work well under pressure         

– Flexible working schedule

– Being kind, gentle and caring                  

– More time to take care of their families

Work in groups of three. Talk about your career choice(s).

Example:

A: I think I’ll work as a shop assistant because people often say that I have good persuasion skills.

B: Good for you. I’d like to be a nurse because I enjoy helping people.

C: Sounds great. I’d like to be a surgeon. I believe I can work well under pressure and don’t mind working long hours.

Từ vựng

1. shop assistant /ˈʃɒp əˌsɪs.tənt/ (n.phr): trợ lý cửa hàng
 eg: She is an experienced shop assistant.

2. nurse /nɜːs/ (n): y tá
 eg: The nurse’s job is traditionally done by women.

3. firefighter /ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r)/ (n): lính cứu hỏa
 eg: Men traditionally work as firefighters.

4. kindergarten teacher /ˈkɪndəˌgɑːtn ˈtiːʧə/ (n): cô giáo mẫu giáo
 eg: She loves working with children so she always wishes to be a kindergarten teacher.

5. engineer /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)/ (n): kỹ sư
 eg: What skills are needed to be an engineer?

6. secretary /ˈsekrətri/ (n): thư ký
 eg: You can set up an appointment with my secretary.

7. physical strength /ˈfɪzɪkəl strɛŋθ/ (n.phr): thể lực
 eg: You should care more about your physical strength.

8. communication skills /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən skɪlz/ (n.phr): kỹ năng giao tiếp
 eg: Communication skills are necessary for negotiation.

9. work well under pressure /wɜːk wɛl ˈʌndə ˈprɛʃə/ (v.phr): làm việc tốt dưới áp lực
 eg: I believe I can work well under pressure and don’t mind working long hours.

10. gentle /ˈdʒentl/ (adj): nhẹ nhàng
 eg: Her face was calm, gentle, and happy.

11. persuasion skills /pəˈsweɪʒən skɪlz/ (n.phr): kỹ năng thuyết phục
 eg: I think I can work as a shop assistant because people often say that I have good persuasion skills.

12. work schedule /wɜːk ˈʃɛdjuːl/ (n.phr): lịch trình làm việc
 eg: A work schedule refers to the specific days and hours designated to an employee for paid work.

Listening

Work in pairs. Look at the picture and tell your partner what this woman’s job is.

Listen to a talk about Valentina Tereshkova. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

1. Valentina Tereshkova joined a local flying club and became a talented parachutist while she was ______.

A. working as a factory worker

B. training to be a cosmonaut

2. Tereshkova and ______ other women were chosen for the Soviet space program.

A. three

B. four

3. Tereshkova joined the Soviet Air Force and became ______ after completing her training and passing an examination.

A. an Air Force officer

B. the first female pilot

4. She travelled into space in Vostok 6 and successfully returned to Earth on _______.

A. 16 June 1963

B. 19 June 1963

5. After the flight, Tereshkova received many awards, and ______.

A. travelled in space again

B. completed her university degree

Listen again and give short answers to the following questions.

1. When was Tereshkova born?

2. How old was she when she started working?

3. When did she join the Soviet space program?

4. At what age did she travel into space?

5. How many days did she spend in space?

Work in groups. Discuss the following questions.

Do you want to be a cosmonaut? Why or why not?

Từ vựng

1. parachutist /ˈpærəʃuːtɪst/ (n): vận động viên nhảy dù
 eg: Valentina Tereshkova joined a local flying club and became a talented parachutist while she was training to be a cosmonaut.

2. Soviet space program /ˈsəʊvɪət speɪs ˈprəʊgræm/ (n.phr): chương trình vũ trụ của Liên Xô
 eg: When did she join the Soviet space program?

3. travel into space /ˈtrævl ˈɪntuː speɪs/ (v.phr): du hành vào vũ trụ
 eg: She travelled into space in Vostok 6 and successfully returned to Earth.

4. award /əˈwɔːrd/ (n): giải thưởng
 eg: After the flight, Tereshkova received many awards and completed her university degree.

Writing

Choose suitable information from the box below to complete the table.

The surgeon’s job

Main responsibilities                           Main qualities

A. Performing operations on patients

B. Medical knowledge

C. Physical and mental strength

D. Welcoming and serving customers

E. Good persuasion skills

F. Making important decisions about patients’ health and safety

G. Excellent eyesight and skillful hands

H. Good teamwork and communication skills

Work in pairs. Do you think both men and women can do the surgeon’s job well? Give reasons. Use the ideas below to help you.

– Men and women have the same abilities to learn and apply medical knowledge.

– Women can be as mentally strong as men.

– Men and women can perform long and tiring operations.

– Both men and women can make great surgeons.

Write a paragraph (120 – 150 words) about the surgeon’s job. Use these guiding questions to help you.

Từ vựng

1. medical knowledge /ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈnɒlɪʤ/ (n.phr): kiến thức y học
 eg: Men and women have the same abilities to learn and apply medical knowledge.

2. make important decisions /meɪk ɪmˈpɔːtənt dɪˈsɪʒənz/ (v.phr): đưa ra quyết định quan trọng
 eg: How do you make important decisions?

3.mentally /ˈmɛntəli/ (adv): về mặt tinh thần
 eg: Women can be as mentally strong as men.

4. responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ (n): trách nhiệm
 eg: What are the main responsibilities of the job?

5. benefit from /ˈbɛnɪfɪt frɒm/ (v.phr): có lợi từ, hưởng lợi từ
 eg: Do WV people benefit from having both male and female surgeons?

Communication and Culture / CLIL

Everyday English

a. Listen and complete a conversation with the expressions from the box. Then practice it in pairs.

Mum: Mai, Dad and I would like you to be a shop assistant.

Mai: 1) _______ that’s not possible. I want to go to medical school and become a                         surgeon.

Mum: 2) _______. It’s not easy to be a surgeon.

Mai:    3) _______. But I’m sure I can.

Mum: Besides medical knowledge, a surgeon must have physical and mental                              strength. Most surgeons are also men…

Mai:   4) _______. That’s why we need more women surgeons. We can be as good                            as men.

b. Work in pairs. Have similar conversations expressing agreement and disagreement about other jobs. Use the expressions below to help you.

Useful expressions

Culture

a. Read the text and fill the timeline about women’s football.

WOMEN’S FOOTBALL

It is commonly thought that football is a sport for men. In fact, it is a sport for women, too.

The first recorded football matches between women took place in 1890s in Scotland and England. Women’s football became very popular during the First World War when women started working in the factories. In 1921, however, the football Association (FA) decided that the game was not suitable for women.

The ban lasted for 50 years until it was finally lifted in 1971. In the same year, France and the Netherlands played the first official women’s international football match. However, it took 20 years for the first FIFA Women’s World Cup to happen in 1991 in Asia. Since then, the competition has been held every four years.

Nowadays, like men’s football, women’s football is becoming more and more popular. Women’s professional football has developed significantly and the Women’s World Cup has drawn worldwide interests.

1. ___________ First recorded matches

2. ___________ FA’s ban start

3. ___________ FA’s ban lift

4. ___________ First official women’s international football match

5. ___________ First FIFA Women’s World Cup

b. Work in pairs. Fill the timeline about women’s football in Viet Nam.

1. ___________ Women’s football team establishment

2. ___________ First official match 

3. ___________ First gold medal in the SEA Games

4. ___________ First AFF Women’s Championship

5. ___________ Most recent AFF Women’s Championship

Từ vựng

1. medical school /ˈmɛdɪkəl skuːl/ (n.phr): trường Y
 eg: I want to go to medical school and become a surgeon.

2. disagree /ˌdɪsəˈɡriː/ (v): không đồng ý
 eg: I’m afraid I disagree with your ideas.

3. take place /teɪk pleɪs/ (v.phr): diễn ra
 eg: The first recorded football matches between women took place in the 1890s in Scotland and England.

4. be not suitable for /biː nɒt ˈsjuːtəbl fɔː/ (v.phr): không phù hợp
 eg: In 1921, however, the Football Association (FA) decided that the game was not suitable for women.

5. ban /bæn/ (n): lệnh cấm
 eg: The ban lasted for 50 years until it was finally lifted in 1971.

6. competition /kɑːm.pəˈtɪʃ.ən/ (n): cuộc thi
 eg: Since then, the competition has been held every four years.

7. draw /drɔː/ (v): thu hút
 eg: Women’s professional football has developed significantly and the Women’s World Cup has drawn worldwide interests.

Looking back

Pronunciation

Listen and mark the stressed syllables in the words in bold.

1. The surgeon’s job is quite difficult.

2. Soviet cosmonauts learnt how to parachute to safety.

3. I’m proud of my sister. She’s studying at a medical school.

4. We need to continue fighting for equal rights.

Vocabulary

Do the crossword. Use the words you have learnt in this unit.

1. A _______ teacher works with small children to prepare them for school.

2. Job adverts should not mention their ideal candidate’s _______.

3. A very experienced _______ was able to rebuild his nose after the accident.

4. Boys and girls should have _______ opportunities in education.

5. Parents should not _______ boys differently from girls.

Grammar

Each of the following sentences has a mistake. Underline it and write the correct word(s) in the space given.

1. One paragraph about gender equality ought to write by each student.       ______

2. Action to stop domestic violence must take immediately.       ______

3. Should all people be provide with equal access to information?       ______

4. Young girls mustn’t force into marriage.       ______

5. Can mean and women give equal opportunities in the workplace?       ______

Từ vựng

1. lift /lɪft/ (v): nới lỏng, dỡ bỏ
 eg: The ban lasted for 50 years until it was finally lifted in 1971.

2. championship /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/ (n): chức vô địch
 eg: Winning the championship is a great personal triumph.

3. cosmonaut /ˈkɒzmənɔːt/ (n): phi hành gia
 eg: Soviet cosmonauts learnt how to parachute to safety.

4. medal /ˈmedl/ (n): huy chương
 eg: He was awarded a medal for his heroism.

5. job advert /ʤɒb ədˈvɜːt/ (n.phr): quảng cáo tuyển dụng
 eg: Job adverts should not mention their ideal candidate.

6. popular /ˈpɒpjələ(r)/ (adj): phổ biến
 eg: Which of the jobs is the least popular among the boys?

Project

Work in groups. Choose any class in your school and do a survey to find out:

– the number of boys and girls. 

– how many of them would like to work as surgeons, airline pilots, nurses and shop assistants, or do other jobs in the future. 

Class:

Number of students   Surgeons   Airline pilots   Nurses   Shop assistants   Others

_____ boys

_____ girls